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Survey

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
People mostly use their right brain when writing, singing, or creating works of art.
 

 2. 
Most people use less than 80% of their brain.
 

 3. 
Extrasensory perception, like the ability to predict when a loved one calls, has not been demonstrated under controlled experimental conditions.
 

 4. 
Pregnant women who expose themselves to classical music have more intelligent babies than women who expose themselves to rock or jazz music.
 

 5. 
Most of Millersville’s psychology faculty have their offices in Luek Hall
 

 6. 
Most people (more than 50%) report that they did not face significant turmoil during their teenage years.
 

 7. 
When ill people are told that they are likely to die, most (more than 50%), report passing through specific stages of grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance).
 

 8. 
Your memories of things like birthday parties can change over time.
 

 9. 
Hypnosis can help you recall things that you would otherwise forget forever.
 

 10. 
Intelligence tests are good predictors of school and job success.
 

 11. 
Specific teaching styles work best when matched to a student’s learning style.
 

 12. 
Most people show specific, small facial movements when they lie.
 

 13. 
Cancer risk is higher for people who are constantly stressed.
 

 14. 
Marriages are usually happier when people have similar personality types (That is, opposites do NOT attract).
 

 15. 
Directing your anger at objects like pillows can help you reduce the anger you feel toward a person..
 

 16. 
Identical twins who are separated at birth and raised by different families will grow up to behave more like the people who raised them than their biological twins.
 

 17. 
Drug abuse is typically linked to low self-esteem.
 

 18. 
People who were sexually abused as children are no more likely to have personality disorders later in life than those who were not.
 

 19. 
This is the last question on this assessment test.
 

 20. 
Adult children of alcoholics have no distinctive psychological symptoms when compared to children of non-alcoholics.
 

 21. 
Research shows that criminal profilers are better than untrained professionals at describing the characteristics of a perpetrator.
 

 22. 
Psychological treatments for bipolar disorder are most effective when a therapist can identify a root cause of the problem.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 23. 
The philosophical belief that every behavior has a cause is known as
a.
structuralism.
b.
determinism.
c.
functionalism.
d.
solipsism.
 

 24. 
Which of the following questions below is NOT a question of nature vs. nurture?
a.
Are boys more aggressive that girls because of higher testosterone levels, or because of the way they are raised?
b.
Is alcoholism entirely due to social customs, or is it influenced by certain genes?
c.
Do high-IQ parents have high-IQ children because of the stimulating environment they provide, or because of the genes they pass on to their children?
d.
Do phobias develop through classical conditioning, or through observing models react to the feared stimulus?
 

 25. 
The main difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists is in their
a.
education.
b.
politics.
c.
nationality.
d.
theories.
 

 26. 
The combined field of psychology, engineering, and computer science that works to make the interaction of people and the machines they use as safe and efficient as possible is
a.
retinex theory.
b.
mnemonics.
c.
psychoanalysis.
d.
ergonomics.
 

 27. 
The first psychology laboratory was set up by
a.
Wundt.
b.
Skinner.
c.
Piaget.
d.
Erikson.
 

 28. 
Which pair of words below mean almost the same thing?
a.
reliable and replicable
b.
reliable and valid
c.
projective and replicable
d.
valid and projective
 

 29. 
Some psychologists use hundreds of traits to describe people's personalities. Other psychologists rely on just five. The advantage of using just five is that doing so is more
a.
parsimonious.
b.
replicable.
c.
psychodynamic.
d.
heuristic.
 

 30. 
Which of the following is one possible OPERATIONAL definition of happiness?
a.
the emotional state achieved when the perceived self is congruent with the ideal self
b.
the number of minutes in an hour during which a person smiled at least once
c.
the opposite of sadness
d.
a feeling of pleasantness or contentment
 

 31. 
Which of the following is an example of an illusory correlation?
a.
Bystanders are less likely to help someone in need if there are other bystanders present.
b.
Crimes and mental disturbances seem more common during a full moon than at other times.
c.
Women are more likely than men to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to succeed.
d.
The average capacity of short-term memory is around seven items.
 

 32. 
The two approaches to psychology that put the least emphasis on use of experiments are
a.
psychoanalysis and humanistic psychology.
b.
behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
c.
developmental psychology and behaviorism.
d.
cognitive psychology and physiological psychology.
 

 33. 
Which of the following is NOT associated with branches of a neuron?
a.
dendrite
b.
cochlea
c.
axon
d.
myelin
 

 34. 
The drugs that are generally prescribed to help relieve disorders such as depression operate mainly by altering
a.
the velocity of action potentials.
b.
activity at synapses.
c.
the growth and development of neurons.
d.
blood pressure in the brain.
 

 35. 
Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate are all examples of
a.
fuels used by the brain.
b.
tranquilizers.
c.
toxic substances that damage the brain.
d.
neurotransmitters.
 

 36. 
Damage to the hippocampus is most likely to produce impairments in
a.
memory.
b.
hunger and thirst.
c.
sexual motivation.
d.
sleep.
 

 37. 
The two hemispheres of the brain show the greatest asymmetry of function in
a.
control of hunger and thirst.
b.
the control of memory.
c.
understanding language.
d.
responding to odors.
 

 38. 
Rods and cones are most important for
a.
memory.
b.
emotion.
c.
taste.
d.
vision.
 

 39. 
The cochlea is most directly involved in
a.
memory.
b.
hunger regulation.
c.
hearing.
d.
sexual orientation.
 

 40. 
Someone with damage to the semicircular canals would be most likely to have problems with
a.
sleep apnea.
b.
depression.
c.
controlling aggression.
d.
posture and balance.
 

 41. 
Pheromones play an important role in which type of animal behavior?
a.
sexual behavior
b.
conditioned taste aversion
c.
vicarious learning
d.
sleep cycles
 

 42. 
To some extent, we perceive simple visual patterns by means of feature detectors. A feature detector is a kind of
a.
word.
b.
developmental stage.
c.
conditioned response.
d.
neuron.
 

 43. 
REM refers to
a.
a form of psychotherapy.
b.
an interconnected set of structures in the brain.
c.
a particular type of personality test.
d.
a stage of sleep.
 

 44. 
The EEG can be used for what purpose?
a.
to measure the intelligence of people who do not speak English
b.
to distinguish among stages of sleep
c.
to compare an individual's personality to group norms
d.
to test a person's ability at pitch perception
 

 45. 
Which of the following is NOT a sleep disorder?
a.
catatonia
b.
insomnia
c.
apnea
d.
narcolepsy
 

 46. 
Which of the following has NOT been shown to improve memory in a dependable way?
a.
recalling the memory under hypnosis
b.
increased depth of processing
c.
decreased interference
d.
going to sleep just after storing the memory
 

 47. 
The drug LSD is considered to be a type of
a.
antidepressant.
b.
neuroleptic.
c.
hallucinogen.
d.
tranquilizer.
 

 48. 
Behaviorism had the largest impact in the discovery of basic laws of
a.
biological psychology.
b.
cognition.
c.
child development.
d.
learning.
 

 49. 
An experimenter presents a CS followed by a UCS and measures the occurrence of CRs. What kind of process is the experimenter studying?
a.
classical conditioning
b.
cognitive dissonance.
c.
operant conditioning.
d.
group polarization.
 

 50. 
After someone learns a phobia to one object, the phobia sometimes spreads to other similar objects. The spread could be described as
a.
backward conditioning.
b.
stimulus generalization.
c.
desensitization.
d.
reaction formation.
 

 51. 
Operant conditioning makes use of which of these principles?
a.
figure and ground
b.
depth of processing
c.
encoding specificity
d.
shaping
 

 52. 
Social learning theory stresses that much of our behavior is learned through
a.
negative reinforcement.
b.
aversion and terror management.
c.
imitation and modeling.
d.
classical conditioning.
 

 53. 
Herman Ebbinghaus was a pioneer in the study of
a.
personality.
b.
the asymmetric functioning of the two hemispheres of the brain.
c.
depth perception.
d.
memory.
 

 54. 
Going to sleep immediately after reading something may improve memory of the material. One likely explanation is that going to sleep
a.
attaches distinctive retrieval cues to the items to be remembered.
b.
increases the encoding specificity.
c.
decreases retroactive interference.
d.
takes advantage of the actor-observer effect.
 

 55. 
Which of the following is NOT a commonly used technique for testing memory?
a.
recall
b.
recognition
c.
savings
d.
repression
 

 56. 
The tendency to mold our recollection of the past to fit how events later turned out is termed
a.
retroactive interference.
b.
the just world hypothesis.
c.
the fundamental attribution error.
d.
hindsight bias.
 

 57. 
Two disorders that lead to an impairment of memory are
a.
Korsakoff's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.
b.
phobia and narcolepsy.
c.
Parkinson's disease and antisocial personality.
d.
obsessive-compulsive disorder and Machiavellian personality.
 

 58. 
Eyewitness identification from lineups most closely resembles a test of
a.
recognition.
b.
aptitude.
c.
relearning.
d.
achievement.
 

 59. 
My major is _________ .
a.
Biology.
b.
Psychology.
c.
Communications.
d.
Business.
e.
I have multiple majors.
 

 60. 
Experienced readers identify familiar words almost automatically, and have difficulty when they try to avoid reading words as words. This is seen in
a.
the Stroop effect.
b.
cognitive dissonance.
c.
the von Restorff effect.
d.
the M'Naghten rule.
 

 61. 
Use of the availability heuristic leads to
a.
sleep apnea.
b.
illusory correlations.
c.
an external locus of control.
d.
diffusion of responsibility.
 

 62. 
Which of the following illustrates what is meant by the word-superiority effect?
a.
After children learn to speak, they learn other skills more rapidly than before.
b.
People can read a blurred word of print more easily than they can read a single blurred letter.
c.
People who store their memories in words remember them longer and more accurately than those who store them other ways.
d.
Psychological experimenters get clearer results if they read the instructions aloud than if they ask participants to read them.
 

 63. 
A psychologist studying phonemes and morphemes is involved in the study of
a.
language.
b.
the effects of drugs on the nervous system.
c.
sexual behavior.
d.
sensation and perception.
 

 64. 
Saccades are short, quick movements of your
a.
neurons
b.
eyes
c.
arms and legs during sleep
d.
beliefs and attitudes
 

 65. 
In 1905, Alfred Binet devised the first useful test of
a.
achievement motivation.
b.
intelligence.
c.
personality.
d.
memory capacity.
 

 66. 
Which of the following tests was designed to minimize the use of language when taking the test?
a.
Thematic Apperception Test
b.
MMPI
c.
WAIS-III
d.
Raven's Progressive Matrices
 

 67. 
Reliability and validity are usually measured by which type of statistic?
a.
correlation coefficient
b.
median
c.
mode
d.
t-test
 

 68. 
For which of the following pairs would we expect the highest correlation of IQ scores?
a.
Monozygotic twins raised together.
b.
Monozygotic twins raised separately.
c.
Dizygotic twins raised together.
d.
Dizygotic twins raised separately.
 

 69. 
Various behaviors emerge at different ages. Of the following, which one is demonstrably present in infants less than one week old?
a.
ability to recognize their mother's voice
b.
ability to use mnemonic devices
c.
the concept of object permanence
d.
the concept of conservation
 

 70. 
Evidence suggests that egocentrism is
a.
found only in children.
b.
found in both adults and children.
c.
commonly seen in autistic children, but not in normally developing children.
d.
the tendency to see others' behavior as being caused by dispositional factors.
 

 71. 
A psychologist shows a child two glasses of water, equally full and of the same shape and size. Then she pours the water from one of the glasses into a taller, thinner glass and asks "Now which glass has more water?" The psychologist is apparently testing the child's concept of
a.
object permanence
b.
conservation
c.
episodic memory
d.
paired-associates learning
 

 72. 
Terror Management Theory states that much of our lives is influenced by our fear of
a.
the unknown.
b.
death.
c.
irrational fears (a.k.a. phobias).
d.
abnormal development.
 

 73. 
An experimenter asks a group of 6-year-old children to try to repeat lists of two to eight numbers or letters immediately after hearing them. Five years later the same experimenter asks the same children, now 11 years old, to repeat new lists of two to eight numbers or letters. This is an example of a
a.
cross-sectional study of long-term memory.
b.
cross-sectional study of short-term memory.
c.
longitudinal study of short-term memory.
d.
longitudinal study of long-term memory.
 

 74. 
People who solve puzzles just for fun often reduce the amount of free-time they spend doing the puzzles if they are paid for puzzle-solving. This is known as the
a.
Premack principle.
b.
overjustification effect.
c.
availability heuristic.
d.
opponent-process theory.
 

 75. 
Which of the following would be an example of intrinsic motivation?
a.
a rat pressing a bar for a food reward
b.
a child playing nicely to avoid punishment
c.
an artist painting because she enjoys painting
d.
a participant in Milgram's experiment delivering shocks to please the experimenter
 

 76. 
Which of the following psychologists proposed that our behavior is governed by a hierarchy of needs?
a.
Skinner
b.
Freud
c.
Piaget
d.
Maslow
 

 77. 
Which of the following is an eating disorder?
a.
bulimia
b.
apnea
c.
narcolepsy
d.
autism
 

 78. 
The development of sexual anatomy is most strongly influenced by the presence or absence of the hormone
a.
insulin
b.
endorphin
c.
testosterone
d.
estrogen
 

 79. 
Emotions are associated most directly with increased activity in the
a.
sympathetic nervous system.
b.
glia cells.
c.
corpus callosum.
d.
cerebellum.
 

 80. 
A polygraph is a device used to measure
a.
depth of hypnosis.
b.
individual action potentials.
c.
emotional reactions.
d.
memory.
 

 81. 
The study of the features that enrich life, such as hope, creativity, courage, spirituality, and responsibility is termed
a.
educational psychology.
b.
real-life investigation.
c.
serendipity.
d.
positive psychology.
 

 82. 
Humans and chimpanzees resemble each other most closely in the ways they communicate
a.
phonemes.
b.
emotion.
c.
perception.
d.
causality.
 

 83. 
You have been asked to predict which of several people -- some mental patients and some not -- are most likely to commit future acts of violence. To make your predictions as accurate as possible, which is the most important type of information for you to know?
a.
Which of these people have committed violent acts in the past?
b.
Which are the mental patients and which are not?
c.
What answers did each person give on the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
d.
What is each person's personality profile based on the MMPI?
 

 84. 
The Five-Factor model is a general theory of
a.
intrinsic motivation.
b.
high IQ.
c.
personality.
d.
emotion.
 

 85. 
Which kind of psychologist is most concerned with your self-concept and your ideal self?
a.
behaviorist
b.
comparative psychologist
c.
psychoanalyst
d.
humanistic psychologist
 

 86. 
Which approach to psychology makes claims that are generally the most difficult to test or confirm in a scientific manner?
a.
behaviorism
b.
physiological psychology
c.
psychoanalysis
d.
developmental psychology
 

 87. 
The term "unshared environment" is important when we are trying to determine
a.
how much of our thinking is influenced by unconscious processes.
b.
the relative contributions of genetics and environment to individual differences in personality.
c.
the organic cause for mental retardation and criminal propensity.
d.
intellectual capabilities of those in mental institutions.
 

 88. 
Which of the following is an example of a projective personality test?
a.
Thematic Apperception Test
b.
MMPI
c.
Stanford-Binet test
d.
Bell and Howell framing exercise
 

 89. 
I am a student at  _________ .
a.
Elizabethtown College.
b.
Penn State University.
c.
Millersville University.
d.
Temple University.
 

 90. 
The representativeness heuristic most closely resembles the social psychological phenomenon of
a.
conformity.
b.
groupthink.
c.
stereotypes.
d.
self-serving bias.
 

 91. 
Our tendency to overemphasize internal explanations of other people's behavior is known as
a.
paradoxical intervention.
b.
the representativeness heuristic.
c.
the fundamental attribution error.
d.
proactive interference.
 

 92. 
The sleeper effect refers to
a.
the tendency of an extinguished conditioned response to reemerge spontaneously.
b.
the abnormal sleep patterns seen in depressed patients.
c.
the changes in the effectiveness of a persuasive message over time.
d.
the attachment formed between a therapist and a client.
 

 93. 
An experimenter offers a very small reward to some participants if they will write an essay in favor of a position that the experimenter knows the participants oppose. Later the participants are asked for their current beliefs on that topic. Which theory is the experimenter probably testing?
a.
cognitive dissonance theory
b.
opponent-process theory of emotions
c.
learned-helplessness theory
d.
depth-of-processing theory
 

 94. 
The dollar auction, the prisoner's dilemma, and the commons dilemma are all examples of
a.
the word-superiority effect.
b.
the similarity principle.
c.
behavior traps.
d.
the retinex theory.
 

 95. 
What is DSM-V?
a.
an association of university psychology departments
b.
a drug often used in the treatment of people with schizophrenia
c.
a book about diagnosing psychological disorders
d.
a standardized personality test
 

 96. 
Free association is a method used by
a.
psychologists studying the difference between short-term and long-term memory.
b.
cognitive psychologists studying how we form categories.
c.
Freudian psychologists in psychotherapy.
d.
behavioral psychologists studying stimulus-response associations.
 

 97. 
Sometimes someone with a mental disorder will show improvement without therapy. This is termed
a.
spontaneous remission.
b.
spontaneous recovery.
c.
automatic processing.
d.
selective attention.
 

 98. 
For which of the following is behavior therapy least likely to be an effective therapy?
a.
cigarette smoking
b.
phobia
c.
anorexia nervosa
d.
bipolar disorder
 

 99. 
Aversion therapy is an application of
a.
Freud's psychoanalytic principles.
b.
behavioral psychologists' research on punishment.
c.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
d.
Selye's research on stress.
 

 100. 
Two disorders that usually have their onset during young adulthood (the teens through the 20s) are
a.
unipolar depression and manic-depressive disorder.
b.
autism and attention-deficit disorder.
c.
schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d.
Parkinson's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome.
 

 101. 
Which of the following is a procedure in the systematic desensitization of a phobia?
a.
Listen to the person's fears in a sympathetic manner without providing any advice.
b.
Use dream analysis and free association to try to understand how the phobia originated.
c.
Administer tranquilizers to reduce the symptoms.
d.
Expose the person to the object of the phobia for increasing times.
 

 102. 
This test has  ______ questions.
a.
10
b.
20
c.
30
d.
more than 30
 

 103. 
Systematic desensitization is a form of
a.
behavior therapy.
b.
person-centered therapy.
c.
psychoanalysis.
d.
transactional analysis.
 

 104. 
Which of the following psychological disorders is more common in males than in females?
a.
major depression
b.
schizophrenia
c.
alcoholism
d.
anorexia nervosa
 

 105. 
One similarity between people with bulimia and people with bipolar disorder is that both kinds of people
a.
are most likely to be teenage girls.
b.
have a strong internal locus of control.
c.
prefer to have their meals in private instead of with company.
d.
alternate between one behavioral extreme and its opposite.
 

 106. 
The psychology courses I have taken would be best suited for someone who wants a career in ____________________ .
a.
Business or Industrial/Organizational Psychology.
b.
Cognitive or Biopsychology.
c.
Gerontology/Aging.
d.
Counseling or Clinical Psychology.
e.
Psychological Research.
f.
I took a wide array of courses with no specific area in mind.
 

 107. 
Did you start your college career at Millersville?
a.
Yes.
b.
No, I transferred from HACC.
c.
No, I transferred from a school other than HACC.
 



 
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