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IMAGE imgs/220C_19Lecture01.gif

IMAGE imgs/220C_19Lecture02.gif

[K+]

[Na+]

3 Na+

+++++

In certain cardiac muscle cells, the membrane potential gradually becomes less negative, until it reaches a threshold. At this point,voltage-gatedCa++ channels open.

Q. Is this positive or negative feedback?
-Positive

The influx of Ca++ ions causes membrane depolarizationandtriggers the cell to contract.

Afterwards, K+ channels open. K+ flows into the cell, down its concentration gradient, repolarizing the cell.

Then, the Na+/K+ pump goes back to work to return the cell to its initial state.

IMAGE imgs/220C_19Lecture04.gif

IMAGE imgs/220C_19Lecture03.gif

Time

B. Cardiac cycle
In the human heart, blood moves RA - RV-lung -LA-LV

42.6

The cardiac cycleis one complete cycle of filling and pumping. Relaxation = diastole;Contraction = systole