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		The effects of ethanol on head diameter Since a significant difference occurred in head diameter between the different ethanol exposed groups to the control, we conclude that NCC were indeed affected by the single ethanol treatment (Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2). This supports previous research in this area (Blader and Strähle, 1998, Cartwright and Smith, 1995, Rifas et al., 1997, and Sulik et al., 1988). We conclude that a critical level of ethanol was reached because we noted significant differences among the test groups to the control. Similar to our results for body mass and beak length, a great deal of, but less, variation was observed (Figure 2). Continued research should use a larger sample size to determine if the observed amount of variation is acceptable or if the variation using the same protocol will decrease.