Human kidney discussion

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11. In birds and mammals, only 20% of the nephrons are juxtramedullary nephrons. Is the
urine produced by these nephrons much more concentrated than that produced by the
cortical nephrons?

12. Some mammals (like the desert-dwelling kangaroo rat) can concentrate their urine
more than humans can. What do you think is different about their kidneys?

Distal tubule and collecting duct
13. What is the change in filtrate volume and osmolarity during passage through the distal
tubule and collecting duct?

14. How is the water removed?

Regulation of kidney function
15. The reabsorption of water and salt by the kidney are both under hormonal control.
What situations would call for increased and decreased fluid retention? What types of
sensors could be involved in detecting these situations?


		11. In birds and mammals, only 20% of the nephrons are juxtramedullary nephrons. Is the urine produced by these nephrons much more concentrated than that produced by the cortical nephrons?
		12. Some mammals (like the desert-dwelling kangaroo rat) can concentrate their urine more than humans can. What do you think is different about their kidneys?
		Distal tubule and collecting duct 13. What is the change in filtrate volume and osmolarity during passage through the distal tubule and collecting duct?
		14. How is the water removed?
		Regulation of kidney function 15. The reabsorption of water and salt by the kidney are both under hormonal control. What situations would call for increased and decreased fluid retention? What types of sensors could be involved in detecting these situations?